- 《英国文学史及选读》的大纲或是重点 谁有
- 那位博学多才的大大帮我翻译成英文.1、还是熬过来了…2、始终无法释怀…3、你在我心中还是占有那份地位…4、想回到过去…5、你的美以及和你一起的点滴我始终无法忘记…6、对你的愧疚
- My wife and I have always been friendly with the clerks at the local convenience store．I don’t think many people appreciate what a difficult job these folks have．They work for a little over minimum wage and I often wonder how they make ends mee
《英国文学史及选读》的大纲或是重点 谁有
英国文学史笔记1。ChildeHarold’sPilipimagethepoemtellsofChildeHarold’s(Ayouthofnoblebirth)travelsinEurope。 Haroldisyoungaristocratwhose“world-weariness”bespeakshisloathingforEnglishhighsociety,Heleaveshimcountrytoescapefromthesocietyhehearsandhatesbeingsolitaryandmelancholyheseekthecompanyshipofmountainsandseas。 Butbeneaththismelancholia(精神忧郁症)isasadearnestasufferingyoungmanofardentfeelingswithakeenunderstandingandastrongloveof。 BesidesHarold’simpressionsofthecountrieshevisits。ThepoemininterspersedwithalyricaloutburstsrepresentingByron’sownphilosophicalandpoliticalviews。 AtFirsttheviewsareexpressthroughthemouthofHreold,butbyandbythecreatorandthecreationbecomeonethepoetstepsfromthebackstagetotheforeandspeaksdirectorytotheaudiencehimself。 2。Thecricissitudesofhislifeandhisadventuresinmanycountriesaredescribedagainstcariessocialbackgroundsandheisseentotakepartindifferenthistoricaleventsthisgivingamidpanoramaofcontemporarylife(ababcc)3。 DonJuanDonJuanisByron’smasterpiecewriterintheprimeofhiscreativepower。Hisaimwastoremovethechoakwhichthemannersandmaxofhighsocietythrowovertheirsecretsignsandshowthattotheworldastheyare。 Hecalledthispoemanepicsatire。AsatireonabuseofthepresentstateofsocietyalmostallDonJuanisreallife。EithermyownoffrompeopleIknow。 InDonJuanByrondisplayedhisgeniusasromanticistandarealistsimultaneously4。OzymandiasTheauthorshowshisstronglovebehaviorandhisconsistenthatredfortyranny。 InthispoemhealsoexpresseshislongforthenevenageofaoncetyrannicalKing。5。OdetotheWestWindThewestwindisconsidereda“destroyer”becauseitdrivethelastsignoflifefromtrees,it’sisalsoconsideredthe“preserver”becauseitscatterstheseaswhichwascometolifeinspring。 6。ToaSky-LarkTheauthorportraysthesoftyflightofthesky-lark,thewestwindandthesky-larkaresymbolsofspiritualvitalitythatthepoetwanttopossessdesperatehisbittercriticismoftheharshsociety。 Thepoetfusesinbothpoemsanoteofoptimismofpromisingforhumanity。7。JohnKeatsAboutpoem:ToKeatspoetryexistforit’sownsakeifpreoccupywithphilosophyorpoliticoranycourseatall,itwillloseit’sownidentityorqualityAim:KeatswasnotonlythelastbutthemostperfectofRomanticisttheonlyartisticaiminthispoetrywastocreateabeautifulworldimaginationasapposedtotheSophierealisticofhisdays创作原则:"beautyistruth,truthbeauty"atthebottomofhispoemlieshisthissatisfactionwiththesocietyinwhichheliedandexperiencedgreatmiseriesandsufferings8。 OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer韵律韵脚：ABBA，ABBA，CDCD，CD（意大利）9。OdetoaNightingaleInthispoemtheauthorexpresshiswishestofreehimselfformtheburdenofhumancaresandanxietiesandtomoanershimselfinaworldofbeautytogetherwiththebird10。 WhatisthegenreofEnglishliteratureinthe19thcenturySofarastheliteraryformforgenreisconcerned,themaincontributionmadebythe19thcenturycriticalrealistsliesintheirperfectionofthenovel。 Liketherealistsof18thcentury,the19thcenturycriticalrealistsmadeuseofthebroadcanvasofnovelforfullanddetailedrepresentationsofsocialandpoliticalevents,andofthefateofindividualsandofholesocialclasses。 However,therealisticnovelsof19thcenturywentfurtherthanthoseof18thcenturyinfacttheynotonlypicturedtheconflictsbetweenseparateindividualswhostoodfordefinitesocialstrata(circle),butalsoshowedthebroadsocialconflictsoverandabovethefateofthemereindividual11。 The19thcenturyrealists’strength。TheEnglishrealistsofthe19thcenturynotonlygiveasatiricportalofabourgeoisandalltheclasses,butalsoshowedtheprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeopleclasses,butalsoshowedtheprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople。 Intheirbestworksthegreedandhypocrisyofupperclassesarecontrastedwiththeonshestandgoodheartednessofthesympathymenofthelowerclasses。 Hencehumorandsatireareused;humoristingedwithlyricismandserverstostressthehumanqualitiesofpositivecharacters。 However,bittersatireisusedtoexposetheseamysideofruralsociety,throughthestretchesofvariousnegativecharactersgivenbirthtobythecapitalistsystem,criticalrealismrevealsthecorruptinginfluenceofrule ofcosyuponhumannature。 Hereliesinthedemocraticandhumanisticcharacterofcriticalrealismand…inthe19thcentury12。The19thcenturyrealists’weaknessThecriticalrealistsofthe19thcenturydidnot,and,duetotheirworldoutlook,could,not,findawaytoeradicatesocialevils。 Theydidnotrealizethemassiveofchangingbourgeoisiesociety,theywereunabletofindagoodsolutiontothesocialcontradictions,thechieftendencyintheirworksisnotarevolutionbutratherareformism:theyoftenstartwithapowerfulexposureoftheuglinessofthebourgeoisieworld,merelytocloseinamuchtooco-incidentalhappyendingoranimpotentcompromise(Sowecanseeatoncethe…)13。 CharacteristicsofcriticalrealismIngeneralthecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividandgreatartisticskill。 ThechieftraitsoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalizedsystem。fromademocraticviewpoint:1Criticalrealismisreflectionoftherealitywithobjectivityspecificityandfacility2Itisanintenseexposureandcriticismofgreedandhypocrisyofrulingclass3Therepresentativecharactersdepictedwithinthepreventedsurroundingunfairbothtothesummit14。 AnalysisofOlivertwistOliverTwisttellsthestoryofanorphanboy,whoseadventuresprovideadescriptionofthelowerdepthsofLondon。 †Intheprefacetothenovel,Dickensproclaimshimselfarealist:Hemakeshisreadersawareoftheinhumanityofcitylifeundercapitalism。 ThefirstelevenchaptersprovideamostbitterandthoroughgoingexposureoftheterribleconditionsintheEnglishworkhouseofthetimeandthecrueltreatmentofapoororphanbyallsortsof“philanthropists”慈善家。 ThefamoussceneinChapterII,inwhichOliverwasbeatenupandpunishedmerelybecauseheventuredtoaskforanextraportionofgrueltoalleviatehisintolerablehunger,isonlyoneofthemanydetailstoshowtheextremebrutalityandcorruptionoftheoppressorsandtheiragents。 Itisinsceneslikethisweseethegreatcriticalrealistvoicingthehelplesssufferingsofthepoorandtheoppressed。 †Dickenssucceedsincallingforththereader’ssympathyforthelowerclasses:Inthevividdescriptionofthethieves’denandoftheunder-worldofLondon,Dickenssucceedsincallingforththereader’ssympathyforthedown-troddenpeopleofthelowerclasses,who,degradedandcorruptedbythesocialenvironmentofthetime,eitherclimbuptobeparasites寄生虫ofoppressorsorfalltobevictimsofsocietyorevencriminals。 Amongthecharactersofthelowerstrata,Oliveristheonlyonewhoemergeshappyandsuccessfulintheend。Thishappyissue/endingwhichDickens’novelsusuallyendincomesaboutasaresultofhisoptimisticbeliefintheinevitabletriumphofgoodoverevil。 Defectsofthenovel:1。Theimprobabilityoftheplot:Towardtheendofthenovel,theplotgetstobeveryintricateandthereaderissimplymystified,andwhenthemysteryisfinallyrevealedtohim,heisfacedwithimpossiblecoincidenceswhichleadtothehappyending。 AtcriticalmomentsOliverhasbeenonceandagainsavedby“kindly”gentlefolk,whohappentobehisparents’kithandkin。 亲属2。Theunconvincingnessofsomecharacters。Oliverhimselfisapalefigurewhoseemstobethehelplessvictimoffate。 FaginandBillSikesaretooinhumantobetrue,whiletherichMr。BrownlowandMissMayliearevaguelypicturedasbenevolentandgood。 Herewemayseethat—Dickens,whilesympathizingwiththemiseriesofthepeople,didnotknowwhatorwhowasresponsibleforsuchmiseriesandevencherishedsomeillusionaboutrichandidlepeoplelikeMr。 BrownlowandMissMaylie。Thewholesocialquestion,inDickens’opinion,wouldbesettledifonlyeveryemployerfollowedtheexamplesetby“goodgentlemen”likeBrownlow。 15。Women’snovelistsin19thcenturyWomennovelistsbegantoappearinEnglandduringthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,butsomegiftedwomenofthe19thcenturymadesuchcontributionstotheEnglishnovelthattheyhavejustifiablywontheirplacesinthefrontranksofthebrilliantrealistsheadedbyDickensandTay。 TheseremarkablewomennovelistsareJaneAusten,GeorgeEliotandtheBrontesisters。I。JaneAustenFounderofthenovelwhichdealswithunimportantmiddleclasspeople。 Herworks:NorthangerAbbey,SenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,MansfieldPark,PersuasionII。 GeorgeEliot(MaryAnnEvans)Novels:AdamBede(first)《亚当贝德》TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》SilasMarner《织工马南》AdamBedeisano velofmoralconflicts,showingthecontestofpersonaldesires,passions,temperament,humanweaknessandtheclaimsofmoralduty。 Inthenovel,thetwopairsoflovers,ArthurandHetty,andAdamandDinaharedescribedincontrasttoeachother。Theformerareshowntobealwaysthinkingoftheirowninterestswithoutanyconsiderationofothers,whilethelatterpairareendowedwithhighmoralprincipleswhichguidetheirconductforthegoodofothersandthemselves。 AccordingtoEliot,themoralprinciplesofmanarecloselyconnectedwiththe“religionofheart”。Thisshowstheinfluenceofthebourgeoispositivephilosophywhichseekstoreconcilesciencewithreligionandtoprovethepossibilityofsocialharmonyandconcordinthecapitalistsociety。 AnalysistoGeorgeEliotandherworks:thenovelsofGeorgeEliotmarkthebeginningofanewstageinthedevelopmentofEnglishcriticalrealismfollowingthatofDickensandTay。 Hercharacterswerenotgrotesquetypes,butreal,commonmenandwomen,butinotheraspectsherworkmarksretrogression。 Sheshiftedthecentreofgravityinthenovelfromthesocialproblemstotheproblemsofreligionandmorality。Whilebeingawareoftheevilsofbourgeoissociety,shedidnotattackthesocialsystem。 Shebelievedinthesentimental“religionofhumanity”,andcherishedtheillusionthathumanityandlovecoulddoawaywiththeevilsofcapitalism。 IIITheBronteSistersI。CharlotteBrontea。TheLowoodschoolistheembodimentofthebourgeoisprinciplesofeducation,theaimofwhichistobringupobedientslavesfortherich。 b。Anotherproblemraisedinthenovelisthepositionofwomeninsociety。JaneEyremaintainsthatwomenshouldhaveequalrightswithmen。 c。CharlotteBronteattackedthegreed,pettytyrannyandlackofcul-tureamongthebourgeoisieandsympathizedwiththesufferingsofthepoorpeople。 Herrealismwascoloredbypetty-bourgeoisphilanthropy。LikeDickens,shebelievedthateducationwasthekeytoallsocialproblems,andthatbytheimprovementoftheschoolsystemandteaching,mostoftheevilsofcapitalismcouldberemoved。 16。Abriefreviewofhistoricalbackgroundsof20thcenturyIntheperiodofthetransitionbetweenthe19thand20thcenturytheBritishEmpireinthereignofQueenVictoriafellintoadeclinefromthesummitofitsworldwidesupremacy。 Inthemeantime,capitalisticEuropewasdividedintohostilecampsforthecolonialdivisionoftheworld。In1917theOctoberRevolutionbrokeoutinRussiaandasocialiststateemerged。 1929agreateconomiccrisisinthecapitalistworldcausedanunprecedentedeconomicdepressioninBritain。17。 ThedefinitionofStreamofConsciousnessStreamofConsciousnessisanarrativetechniquethatpresentsasiftheywerecomingdirectlyfromacharacter’smind。 Lackingchronologicalorder,theeventsinastreamofconsciousnessnarrativearepresentedfromthecharacter’spointofview,mixedinwiththecharacters’ongoingfeelingsandmemories。 DevelopedbywritersasJamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolf,stream-of-consciousnesswritingisusedtorevealacharacter’scomplexpsychologyandtopresentitinrealistdetail。 Thenovelistsdanawarenessoftheinnerworkingsofthemind。One’spresentwasbelievedtobethesumofhispast。 Timewasnolongeraseriesofchronologicalmomentstobepresentedbythenovelistsinsequence,butasacontinuousflowintheconsciousnessoftheindividual18。 ThomasHardy1)。representativeworks。Tessofthed’Urbervilles,farfromtheMaddingCrowd,undertheGreenwood,theRetureoftheNative,theMayorofCasterbridge,JudetheObscure。 2)。Hardy’spositioninEnglishliterature。ThelastandoneofthegreatestVictoriannovelists。3)。 theme。Tessofthed’Urbervillestellsthetragiclifestoryofabeautifulcountrygirl。ItisafierceattackonthehypocriticalmoralityofthesocietyandthepoliticalstatusquoinEngland。 ThemiseryandtragedyofTessrisetoabittercryofprotestanddenunciationofthesociety。Hardybecamemoreandmoreconvincedthatmankindissubjectedtotheruleofsomehostilemysteriousfate,whichbringsmisfortunetohumanlife。 So,thereisastrongnaturalistictendencyinthenovel。“Justicewasdone,andthePrecedenceoftheImmortalshadendedhissportwithTess。 ”I。ConsolidationandpracticeComparethetwomainfigures:TessandAngelTess:pure,simpleAngel:hypocriticalandselfishAngelisnoangelatall,butanordinaryman。 Tesshasforgivenhim,buthecannotforgiveTess�� �
那位博学多才的大大帮我翻译成英文.1、还是熬过来了…2、始终无法释怀…3、你在我心中还是占有那份地位…4、想回到过去…5、你的美以及和你一起的点滴我始终无法忘记…6、对你的愧疚
1.Got it through after all.
2.Can’t Get Over You all along...
3.You still occupy the position in my heart.
4.Want to go back to the past...
5.I always can't forget your beauty and dribs and drabs with you...
6.I can only say sorry for my guilty on you.
My wife and I have always been friendly with the clerks at the local convenience store．I don’t think many people appreciate what a difficult job these folks have．They work for a little over minimum wage and I often wonder how they make ends mee
24．B 细节理解题．根据“I asked him about it and he said they’d been out of order and that he couldn’t afford a new pair．”他的眼镜坏了．故选B．
25．C 推理判断题．由“I don’t think many people appreciate what a difficult job these folks have．They work for a little over minimum wage and I often wonder how they make ends meet．”和“His family needed money．It was obvious that he was having a difficult time．”可推断出，答案C正确．
26．A 词义猜测题．根据“When we went in to pay the bill，the doctor told us he was so touched by our idea that he waived the exam fee and only charged us for half the price of the glasses!”可知，医生被我们的行为感动，他“放弃”收the exam fee，只收了眼镜的半价．故选A．
27．B 主旨大意题．因为本文主要讲述的是“我和妻子帮助当地便利店里的员工配眼镜的故事．”故选B．
